ANALYSIS OF SEMANTIC CONDITIONS FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF PARONIMIC ATTRACTION
Abstract
The aim of this article is to highlight structural and semantic specific features and conditions that make it possible for the notion of paronymic attraction to function in the text. The aim and the object of the research have determined the usage of the method of structural and semantic analyses due to which it is possible to classify the examples of paronymic attraction and to generalize peculiarities of their functioning in speech. The method of contextual and situational analysis is also applied in order to understand and to explain the informative, emotional and evaluative value of the examples with paronymic expressions in concrete types of texts.
The article states that paronymic attraction is defined as a purposeful positional overlapping of lexical units that have the same or formally similar root morphemes. This fact provides for the combination of sense elements of both the words to denote a new phenomenon. The essence of paronymic attraction lies in the fact that these similar in their general semantics words enter the relations of semantic contamination, that, in its turn, leads to their semantic or formal changes or sometimes to the formation of a new unit.
It has been found out that the usage of paronyms, as a rule, results in the appearance of unexpected semantic relationships, when adding two meanings equals not their sum but new meanings. Paronyms can stimulate the appearance of positive or negative emotionality; they can also create more or less evident play on words in the concrete speech context.
It is stated that the usage of paronymy results in the appearance of ambivalence that becomes possible due to the associative rethinking of etymologically related or derived words in the occasionally created syntagmatic environment. It may also be possible due to the random formal identity of the roots that denote different phenomena, which, if combined in paronymic attraction, will provide new connotations for the paronymic expression.
Thus, paronymic attraction is a method of correlating in speech formally similar language units in order to create a play on the form and the meaning, in the course of which the prototypes of paronymic attraction enter a complicated process of semantic transformation. The result of the latter is the appearance of correlates that form an emotional and evaluative expression. The formal criteria of paronymic attraction can be repeated complexes of sounds or letters. It is necessary to take into account such factors as the identity of the position of the similar graphemes or phonemes in the correlates, the initial or final position of the units that coincide, the presence of the rhyme etc.
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