MARK TWAIN AS A PROGRESSIVE WRITER: A STUDY OF WRITER’S STYLE
Abstract
Mark Twain’s figure is very contradictory as well as his creative work. His most famous works were banned and were censured but, after all, his works were recognized as embodiment of his unique individual style. Moreover, Mark Twain’s innovative style was reproduced into different languages, thus, translators had to search for substandard approaches in order to reproduce its determinant features. The writer uses the language of American province, in particular south-western dialect, Missouri negro dialect and Pike Country dialect and its modifications, which are the cornerstones of approach in translation of his works. The language of characters has features of colloquialism, full of slang, idioms, and substandard tense forms, misspelled words, incomplete sentences, interjections etc. The individuality of each character and their territory belonging is shown through the combination of different dialects and the combination of high and low style. The writer performed literary revolution and created a new style of writing. Twain used different languages to make language vivid and realistic. Their skillful combination is the peculiarity of his style, which makes his books interesting and attractive for readers. Mark twain individualizes the language of his characters in order to show real life from all its aspects. Besides. Dialect shows territory belonging of his characters. With the help of dialects and their different forms Mark twain makes effects of irony and humor. The use of living people’s lexicon combined with the use of different forms of dialects yields peculiarity to Mark Twain’s individual style. Character’s speech is marked with idioms, elliptic constructions, interjections. Besides, the writer used highly expressive words trying to show individuality of his characters through their speech. All this helped to reproduce pictures of people’s life, manners and customs credibly. The analysis showed that invariant features of Mark twain’s individual style are dialects, colloquialisms, phraseology and idioms. Other features that are typical for the writer are: interjections, tropes, repetitions and substandard grammar constructions.
References
2. История литературы США. Литература последней трети ХІХ века 1865 – 1900 (становление реализма) / [ред. Я.Н. Засурский]. М.: ИМЛИ РАН, 2003. Т. 4. 992 с.
3. Кубарева Н.П. Зарубежная литература последняя треть XIX начало ХХ вв. М.: Московский лицей, 2004. 344 с.
4. Наливайко Д.С. Зарубіжна література ХІХ сторіччя. Доба романтизму. Тернопіль: Богдан, 2001. 416
5. Немцова Н.В. Проблема эквивалентности и адекватности при переводе грамматических отклонений от нормы. Вестник МГОУ. Серия: Лингвистика. 2011. № 3. С. 178–185.
6. Проблемы становлення американской литературы / [ред. Я.Н.Засурский]. М.: Наука, 1981. 384 с.
7. Ромм А.С. Марк Твен и его книги о детях. М.: Наука, 1977. 192 с.
8. У США видадуть “кастровану” версію книг Марка Твена. URL: http://kievpapa.livejournal.com/2985.html.
9. Buxbaum, K. Mark Twain and American Dialect // American speech, № 5. 1927. Р. 233–236.
10. Carkeet, D. The Dialects in Huckleberry Finn. American Speech, № 3. 1979. Р. 315.
11. Inge, T. M. Huck Finn among the Critics: a centennial selection. Maryland : University publications of America, 1985. 465 p.
12. Jerome Loving Mark Twain: The Adventures of Samuel L. Clemens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. 491 p.
13. Kaplan, J. Born to trouble. 100 years of Huckleberry Fin. Washington: Library of Congress, 1985. 23 p.
14. Mark Twain The adventures of Tom Sawyer. The adventures of Huckleberry Finn. London : Wordsworth classics, 2001. 396 p.
15. Mark Twain. The adventures of Huckleberry Finn; [ed. by J.Seelye]. N.Y. : Penguin classics, 2002. 368 p.
16. Mencken, H.L. The American Language. N.Y : Citadel Press, 1964. 777 р.
17. Parrington, V. L. Main Currents in American thought. The beginning of critical realism in America, 1860 – 1920. Norman: University of Oklahoma press, V.III. 1987. 429 p.
18. Pederson, L.A. Mark Twain’s Missouri Dialects: Marion County Phonemics. American Speech, № 4. 1962. Р. 261.
19. Richard, C. The American novel and its tradition. N.Y. : Gordian press, 1978. 266 p.
20. Rulon, C.M. Geographical delimitation of the dialect areas in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A various language: Perspectives on American dialects. N.Y, 1971. Р. 215-221.
21. Smith, H. N. Mark Twain. The development of a writer. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962. 212 p.
22. The Autobiography of Mark Twain: including chapters now published for the first time [ed. Ch.Neider]. N.Y. : Harper and Row, 1960. 388 p.
23. Voto, de B. Mark Twain at. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1942. 144 p.
