STYLISTIC DEVICES FOR DESCRIBING THE EMOTION PAIN IN GOTHIC NOVELS
Abstract
Emotions are one of the most prominent elements of a person’s mental and social life, as well as the most important human factor in culture and society. An emotional concept is, in essence, a type of cultural concept with additional emotional, value and evaluative characteristics. The emotional concept sphere of Gothic novels consists of a set of concepts (i.e. mental units of knowledge) inherent in a certain culture or linguistic space. It forms a kind of “mental map” of the world for native speakers. These concepts can be divided into hyperconcepts and hypoconcepts. Each of the hypoconcepts has its own microconceptospheres. The emotional concept sphere PAIN, where the hyperconcept is the concept PAIN, has eight hypoconcepts. Human life is accompanied by a large number of both positive and negative emotions. One of the negative emotions that plays an important role in existence is pain. Depending on the situation in which a person finds himself, pain can be physical or emotional. Through the use of personification, the pain-creature in Gothic novels is depicted as one which is able to think, have the necessary limbs (in particular, hands) to perform its actions, and, thanks to comparisons with a scalpel, seems precise enough to strike exactly where it will be the worst. The pain-creature can worsen the lives of other creatures, preventing them from thinking and performing the necessary actions. The most productive way to describe pain was the use of epithets, since they demonstrate not only the various characteristics of the pain itself, but also indicate the attitude of others towards it, describe its properties and features. The main stylistic devices that characterize pain in Gothic novels are: metaphor, comparison, epithet, personification, antithesis, anaphora, anadiplosis. Using various stylistic techniques, the description of pain is achieved as one that is easily correlated with various natural phenomena, mostly unstable and uncontrolled, such as an avalanche (‘avalanche’), lightning (‘lightning’), demonstrating the unexpected and non-static nature of pain, its inevitability and destructive nature.
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